diff --git a/app/api/tokens.py b/app/api/tokens.py
index 4d7e51f..0cbb63b 100644
--- a/app/api/tokens.py
+++ b/app/api/tokens.py
@@ -23,6 +23,14 @@ admin_router = APIRouter(prefix="/auth/admin/tokens", tags=["tokens-admin"])
 class CreateTokenRequest(BaseModel):
     name: str
     expires_in_days: Optional[int] = 90  # null = no expiry
+    # Informational tag carried in the JWT (`scope` claim) and the audit log.
+    # The special value "bootstrap-analyst" force-clamps the resolved TTL to
+    # at most 1 hour regardless of the requested lifetime, so the bootstrap
+    # PAT can't be repurposed as a long-lived credential.
+    scope: str = "general"
+    # If set, wins over expires_in_days. Mirrors the same 10-year cap as
+    # expires_in_days (3650 days * 86400 = 315_360_000 seconds).
+    ttl_seconds: Optional[int] = None
 
 
 class CreateTokenResponse(BaseModel):
@@ -99,22 +107,44 @@ async def create_token(
     # expires_at on the datetime object).
     if payload.expires_in_days is not None and payload.expires_in_days > 3650:
         raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="expires_in_days must not exceed 3650 (10 years)")
+    if payload.ttl_seconds is not None and payload.ttl_seconds <= 0:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="ttl_seconds must be a positive integer")
+    # Mirror the 10-year cap: 3650 days * 86400 s/day = 315_360_000 seconds.
+    if payload.ttl_seconds is not None and payload.ttl_seconds > 315_360_000:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=400, detail="ttl_seconds must not exceed 315360000 (10 years)")
+
+    # Resolve TTL: ttl_seconds wins; fall back to expires_in_days; else "no expiry".
+    expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None
+    omit_exp = False
+    if payload.ttl_seconds is not None:
+        expires_delta = timedelta(seconds=payload.ttl_seconds)
+    elif payload.expires_in_days is not None:
+        expires_delta = timedelta(days=payload.expires_in_days)
+    else:
+        omit_exp = True  # "no expiry" — DB stores expires_at=NULL and the JWT
+        # carries no `exp` claim. The authoritative expiry check lives in
+        # app/auth/dependencies.py (via the DB row).
+
+    # Force-clamp bootstrap-analyst PATs to <= 1 h regardless of request, so
+    # an init-time PAT can't be repurposed as a long-lived credential.
+    if payload.scope == "bootstrap-analyst":
+        ONE_HOUR = timedelta(hours=1)
+        if expires_delta is None or expires_delta > ONE_HOUR:
+            expires_delta = ONE_HOUR
+        omit_exp = False
+
+    expires_at: Optional[datetime] = None
+    if expires_delta is not None:
+        expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
+
     repo = AccessTokenRepository(conn)
     token_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-    expires_at: Optional[datetime] = None
-    expires_delta: Optional[timedelta] = None
-    omit_exp = payload.expires_in_days is None
-    if payload.expires_in_days is not None:
-        expires_delta = timedelta(days=payload.expires_in_days)
-        expires_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc) + expires_delta
-    # else: "no expiry" — DB stores expires_at=NULL and the JWT carries no
-    # `exp` claim. The authoritative expiry check lives in
-    # app/auth/dependencies.py (via the DB row).
     # Build the JWT that embeds jti=token_id and typ=pat
     jwt_token = create_access_token(
         user_id=user["id"], email=user["email"],
         token_id=token_id, typ="pat",
         expires_delta=expires_delta, omit_exp=omit_exp,
+        extra_claims={"scope": payload.scope},
     )
     # Prefix: first 8 chars of the jti (UUID) — uniquely identifies the token in UI
     # without exposing JWT headers (which all start with "eyJhbGci…" and are useless
@@ -126,7 +156,8 @@ async def create_token(
         id=token_id, user_id=user["id"], name=payload.name.strip(),
         token_hash=token_hash, prefix=prefix, expires_at=expires_at,
     )
-    _audit(conn, user["id"], "token.create", token_id, {"name": payload.name})
+    _audit(conn, user["id"], "token.create", token_id,
+           {"name": payload.name, "scope": payload.scope})
     return CreateTokenResponse(
         id=token_id, name=payload.name.strip(), prefix=prefix,
         token=jwt_token,  # returned EXACTLY ONCE; never retrievable again
diff --git a/app/auth/jwt.py b/app/auth/jwt.py
index 152445f..9edf6f4 100644
--- a/app/auth/jwt.py
+++ b/app/auth/jwt.py
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ def create_access_token(
     token_id: Optional[str] = None,
     typ: str = "session",
     omit_exp: bool = False,
+    extra_claims: Optional[dict] = None,
 ) -> str:
     """Create a JWT. `typ` is "session" (interactive login) or "pat" (long-lived).
 
@@ -58,6 +59,11 @@ def create_access_token(
     `personal_access_tokens.expires_at`, and a claim-less JWT avoids the
     misleading ~100y horizon that previously pretended to be "never".
 
+    `extra_claims` merges arbitrary key/value pairs into the JWT payload
+    after the reserved identity/metadata claims. Reserved keys (sub, email,
+    typ, iat, jti, exp) are protected — they cannot be overridden by the
+    caller.
+
     No ``role`` claim — authorization is derived from
     ``user_group_members`` at request time via ``app.auth.access.is_user_admin``.
     The JWT carries only identity (``sub``, ``email``) and token metadata.
@@ -74,6 +80,12 @@ def create_access_token(
             expires_delta or timedelta(hours=ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_HOURS)
         )
         payload["exp"] = expire
+    if extra_claims:
+        _reserved = {"sub", "email", "typ", "iat", "jti", "exp"}
+        for k, v in extra_claims.items():
+            if k in _reserved:
+                continue
+            payload[k] = v
     return jwt.encode(payload, _get_cached_secret_key(), algorithm=ALGORITHM)
 
 
diff --git a/tests/test_tokens_bootstrap_scope.py b/tests/test_tokens_bootstrap_scope.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..173aad3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_tokens_bootstrap_scope.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+"""Tests for PAT scope + ttl_seconds fields (clean-analyst-bootstrap spec).
+
+Six behaviors covered:
+- bootstrap-analyst scope force-clamps TTL to <= 1h regardless of request
+- ttl_seconds wins over expires_in_days when both are set
+- expires_in_days remains the fallback when ttl_seconds is omitted
+- ttl_seconds upper bound (10y in seconds) rejects with 400
+- ttl_seconds <= 0 rejects with 400
+- scope defaults to "general" when omitted
+
+The spec calls for a `web_session` cookie-authenticated fixture sourced from
+`tests/fixtures/analyst_bootstrap.py` (Task 20). Until that lands, these
+tests use a local Bearer-session client built the same way the existing
+`test_pat.py` suite does — same auth surface, same `require_session_token`
+dependency, just a different transport for the session credential.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import tempfile
+import uuid
+
+import jwt as _jwt
+import pytest
+from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def fresh_db(monkeypatch):
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tmp:
+        monkeypatch.setenv("DATA_DIR", tmp)
+        monkeypatch.setenv("TESTING", "1")
+        monkeypatch.setenv("JWT_SECRET_KEY", "test-jwt-secret-key-minimum-32-chars!!")
+        yield tmp
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def web_session(fresh_db):
+    """TestClient authenticated as an admin user via a Bearer session JWT.
+
+    Mirrors the spec's `web_session` fixture surface: returns a TestClient
+    that carries authenticated session credentials on every request, so
+    test bodies can call `web_session.post("/auth/tokens", json=...)`
+    without per-call header plumbing.
+    """
+    from app.auth.jwt import create_access_token
+    from app.main import app
+    from src.db import close_system_db, get_system_db
+    from src.repositories.users import UserRepository
+    from tests.helpers.auth import grant_admin
+
+    conn = get_system_db()
+    try:
+        uid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+        UserRepository(conn).create(id=uid, email="admin@example.com", name="Admin")
+        grant_admin(conn, uid)
+        sess_token = create_access_token(user_id=uid, email="admin@example.com")
+    finally:
+        conn.close()
+        close_system_db()
+
+    client = TestClient(app)
+    client.headers.update({"Authorization": f"Bearer {sess_token}"})
+    return client
+
+
+def _decode(pat: str) -> dict:
+    return _jwt.decode(pat, options={"verify_signature": False})
+
+
+def test_bootstrap_pat_ttl_clamped_to_one_hour(web_session):
+    resp = web_session.post(
+        "/auth/tokens",
+        json={
+            "name": "init",
+            "scope": "bootstrap-analyst",
+            "ttl_seconds": 86400,  # 1 day — must be ignored, clamped to 3600
+        },
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    payload = _decode(resp.json()["token"])
+    assert payload.get("scope") == "bootstrap-analyst"
+    assert payload["exp"] - payload["iat"] <= 3600 + 5
+
+
+def test_general_pat_uses_ttl_seconds_when_set(web_session):
+    resp = web_session.post(
+        "/auth/tokens",
+        json={"name": "test", "ttl_seconds": 7200},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    payload = _decode(resp.json()["token"])
+    assert payload["exp"] - payload["iat"] <= 7200 + 5
+
+
+def test_general_pat_falls_back_to_expires_in_days(web_session):
+    resp = web_session.post(
+        "/auth/tokens",
+        json={"name": "test", "expires_in_days": 30},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    payload = _decode(resp.json()["token"])
+    assert payload["exp"] - payload["iat"] <= 30 * 86400 + 5
+
+
+def test_ttl_seconds_upper_bound(web_session):
+    # 3650 days * 86400 = 315_360_000 seconds. One past this must reject.
+    resp = web_session.post(
+        "/auth/tokens",
+        json={"name": "test", "ttl_seconds": 315_360_001},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 400, resp.text
+
+
+def test_ttl_seconds_must_be_positive(web_session):
+    resp = web_session.post(
+        "/auth/tokens",
+        json={"name": "test", "ttl_seconds": 0},
+    )
+    assert resp.status_code == 400, resp.text
+
+
+def test_scope_default_is_general(web_session):
+    resp = web_session.post("/auth/tokens", json={"name": "test"})
+    assert resp.status_code == 201, resp.text
+    payload = _decode(resp.json()["token"])
+    assert payload.get("scope", "general") == "general"